Computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD) is a simulation technique applied also in the sporting goods industry. Roughly summarized, CFD consists in discretizing a volume of fluid in many cells (in the order of millions for a bicycle) and solving for each cell a series of equations until the convergence of the calculation. Skeptics will say that in most cases for the bike industry it’s just Colorful Fluid Dynamics for mere marketing purposes, but one should not confuse what is shown on “the surface” with what is actually studied and kept confidential in order not to give precious informations to the competitors.

The term monocoque never goes out of style. It has even been called into question by Elon Musk during Tesla's Cybertruck presentation and is now widely used in many industries.